Matter is composed of atoms or groups of atoms called molecules. The arrangement of particles in a material depends on the physical state of the substance. In a solid, particles form a compact structure that resists flow. Particles in a liquid have more energy than those in a solid. They can flow past one another, but they remain close. Particles in a gas have the most energy. They move rapidly and are separated from one another by relatively large distances.
Showing posts with label Antifreeze. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Antifreeze. Show all posts

Antifreeze

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Antifreeze, chemical substance added to a liquid to lower its freezing point. It prevents the freezing of the coolants used in airplane, automobile, and tractor engines, in refrigeration liquids, and in snow-melting and deicing agents.

The ideal antifreeze should be chemically stable, be miscible in the coolant, have low viscosity and electrical conductivity and a high boiling point, be noncorrosive, and have good heat-transfer properties. The most widely used antifreeze materials in automotive engines today are methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and ethylene glycol; most of them contain a phosphate, nitrate, or other anticorrosive agent.

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